Prepared for the Caregivers Project, January 15, 1998, by Pam F. Wright, Certified Elder Law Attorney, West Tennessee Legal Services; Updated March 2001 by Timothy L. Takacs, Certified Elder Law Attorney; Updated February 2022 by Chris C. Johnson, VA Accredited Attorney

 

Like many other people, you may be thinking about giving your home away now that you are older. There may be several reasons why you might consider doing this:

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• You want to avoid probate

• You want someone else to take responsibility for the upkeep of the property

• You want to help a family member

• You fear you can no longer live alone and want someone to stay in the home with you, or

• You worry that you may have to enter a nursing home someday

 

If you are one of the people thinking about transferring your home, here are some things to think about first: you should never sign away your home ownership without first getting advice from an attorney, specifically one who specializes in elder law. There are many risks in transferring a home to another. You should talk to an attorney who is certified for or knowledgeable in elder law or estate planning.

Here is some general information about the risks you face if you transfer your home.

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• What happens if you transfer your home? You will lose control over the use of your home and property. You will have no say in whether the property is sold, mortgaged, taken by creditors or used for a purpose that you don't like. You will lose the right to live in the home or somewhere on the property. You will lose the right to rent the property or otherwise use or occupy the property.

• You may create problems with creditors. You may get in trouble if you have creditors that have a lien on the property or if you file bankruptcy. If you transfer a home or other property, and, as a result, a bank or other creditor is unable to collect a debt, the transfer can be canceled. In some circumstances, such a transfer is considered fraud.

• You may lose your Property Tax relief. If you are over age 65 or disabled, you may have the right to some relief in paying property tax under state law. If you add another person's name as co-owner of the property, that person's income will be counted along with yours. The increase in income may cause you to lose your eligibility for tax relief. Of course, if you are no longer the homeowner, you would no longer have to pay the taxes. The new homeowner will not have a right to relief from these taxes unless he or she can qualify.

• You may lose the chance to get help from Home Weatherization and Rehabilitation programs. You may lose your eligibility to participate in these programs if you add another's name to the property deed or if you transfer the property.

If You Are on Medicaid or Get an SSI Check

If you have Medicaid and live in a nursing facility, or if you live in a nursing facility and plan to apply for Medicaid within the next three years, there is a Medicaid penalty for any gift or transfer "for less than fair market value." The state checks to see if transfers of any property (including a home) occurred during the three years prior to entering the nursing home or applying for Medicaid. The time is five years for transfers involving trust property. (NOTE: As of 2016, the lookback period has been extended to five years for regular property and trust property).

A transfer made that is improper for Medicaid purposes may result in the denial of Medicaid for a certain amount of time (depending on the amount of the gift or transfer).

Taking your name or any co-owner's name off the deed is also considered a transfer that may be penalized under the Medicaid program.

If you give away assets when you are on SSI, there is a penalty similar to the Medicaid penalty. You may lose SSI for a certain amount time depending upon the amount of the gift or transfer.

If you give your home to someone who receives SSI or other government benefits, your gift may cause the other person to lose benefits, if he or she already has a home. (Owning property, other than your home, can affect eligibility for SSI, Medicaid, Families First benefits and food stamps.)

There may be TAX consequences if you give your home away. You may have to pay a gift tax. The gift tax, generally, applies to the transfer of a present interest. There are reporting requirements to the Internal Revenue Service. In addition, gifting a property typically prevents the recipient from receiving a “step-up” in basis. This can cause significantly higher capital gains taxes for the recipient of the gift down the road.

An agreement to exchange your home for in-home care is risky and should always be reviewed by an attorney. This is especially important if you plan to give the caregiver the deed to your home or a promise that the caregiver will inherit your home. These arrangements are dangerous and may cause many problems. The agreement may also affect Medicaid eligibility and tax liability. Never make this type of agreement without the help of an attorney who is knowledgeable in this area of the law.

Finally, reverse mortgages have become more and more common. Reverse mortgages are designed to allow the elder to stay in their home while being able to tap into the equity of their home to pay for their care. Although there are instances where such an arrangement can be beneficial, it is rarely the most prudent course of action for the senior. Proper planning ahead of time can eliminate the need for a reverse mortgage and protect more of the senior’s assets for their care, and for their heirs.

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